The Theory Of Criminal Behavior - 955 Words

The theory I believe that explains criminal behavior and delinquency the best would be the Differential Reinforcement Theory, reviewed by Robert Burgess and Ronald Akers after it was criticized by C.R. Jeffery. Burgess and Akers argued against Sutherland’s work by using what he had used already and adding operant conditioning and modeling/condition in order to explain criminal behavior more clearly. They offered seven propositions to summarize the Differential Reinforcement Theory, which was a justification of Sutherland’s none principles of differential association. The following are the seven propositions, criminal behavior is learned according to the principles of operant conditioning, criminal behavior is learned both in nonsocial situations that are reinforcing or discriminative and through that social interaction in which the behavior of other persons is reinforcing or discriminative for criminal behavior, the principal part of the learning of criminal behavior oc curs in those groups which comprise the individual’s major source of reinforcements. The first proposition is very important to this theory. The fourth one states that, the learning of criminal behavior, including specific techniques, attitudes, and avoidance procedures, is a function of the effective and available reinforcers, and the existing reinforcement contingencies. the fifth and sixth propositions are the specific class of behaviors which are learned and their frequency of occurrence is a function ofShow MoreRelatedThe Theories Of Criminal Behavior893 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal behavior can be defined as any type of disruptive behavior or antisocial behavior that violates a law and is punishable by society. The three main causes of criminal behavior are psychological impacts, sociological influences, and biological factors. Although there are many more factors that can trigger criminal behaviors, they can all be summed up into the never-ending question, nature ve rsus nature? The psychological approach to criminal behavior is categorized into the nurture sideRead MoreTheory of Criminal Behavior2402 Words   |  10 PagesRunning head: Theories of Criminal Behavior Theories of Criminal Behavior Theories of Criminal Behavior The beginning of civilization dawned a new era in which man came together to live amongst one another in relative peace and prosperity. The advent of civilization however also brought about people who choose to live a life outside of societal norms and law, norms and thus was the creation of the criminal. All civilizations tried to suppress and discourage crime by using aRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1333 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal behavior has been a difficult term to define over the years due to the many variables that must be taken into account in order to present an accurate definition. However, the definition provided by Bartol is as follows, â€Å"Behavior in violation of the criminal code that is intentional and without justification or excuse† (Bartol, 2014). A vital variable that is represented in criminal behavior is crime. The fundamental purpose of theory is to explain things that can be observed. When discussingRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Beha vior1412 Words   |  6 Pagesof social process theories that are rooted in their notion that criminal behavior is learned by a social context. There has been a learning perspective that assumed that there are law- breaking values, norms, and etc. The section goes on to explain the theories envision that a criminal’s behavior is a product of the same learning process of noncriminal behavior. Crime is known for being constructed as a normal behavior rather than pathological. The task of this learning theory is to detail theRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior Essay2360 Words   |  10 Pageseven though there have been harsh laws enforced for those who commit crimes. These people have come up with theories as to why people commit crimes to understand these theories, we must understand what a crime is and understand the definition of theories. Crime is a human conduct that violates the laws of a state or the federal government. There are different ways people view criminal behaviors either through the view of the social problem perspective which blames the society and the social responsibilityRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1608 Words   |  7 Pagescauses of his criminal behaviour through the three different criminological schools of thought: classical, positivist, and sociological. There are a number of concepts of crime including human nature, the society, social contract, the law, and punishment. The central concepts of the classical school of thought is that people are egotistical, rational, motivated by pain and pleasure, people choose their behaviour, and behaviour can be modified by fear of punishment. The classical theory focuses onRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1191 Words   |  5 Pagesreason being is criminal behaviour sometimes can t be defined. Law in our society is defined by social and legal intuitions, not in biology. What is criminal in one country may not be in another so how can one gene deformation cause one to become a criminal ? So, as these studies have found, there appears to be some genetic traits that can influence criminal behaviour such as a person’s gender or mental illness. But this doesn t mean there is an evil gene which all criminals inherit, socialRead MoreBiological Theories Of Criminal Behavior844 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesBiological Theories are vastly growing with fascinating research. The main stump is concretely linking it to criminal behavior, because some theories are more relatable than others. Theories involving temperament and hormones give real life biological explanations, while others like extrovert and introvert behaviors, and neuroticism explain a weaker link to crime. However, all theories are valuable in exploring the root of crime. Temperament can be described as the natural mood disposition determinedRead MoreThe Psychological Theories Of Criminal Behavior883 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological Theories The psychological theories of criminal behavior focus on the lack of socialization, incomplete cognitive development, and bad childhood experiences. Those who study psychological theories believe that failures in cognitive development can be a major factor in malfunctioning behavior. These criminals have difficulty controlling anger and containing violence, which causes them to lash out. The results of these episodes are murder, rape, robbery, assault, and battery. Many moreRead MoreEssay on Theory of Criminal Behavior1000 Words   |  4 Pages1.0 Introduction Crime depicts any act or omission that is prohibited by the public law. On the same note, behavior is a function which has measurable differences in psychological characteristics among individuals (Brennan-Galvin, 2002). Such characteristics may be influenced by constitutional, personality attributes, and neurophysiologic or genetics factors. Likewise, criminal behavior is the commission of acts which in their situational and social settings are considered crimes due to the fact

Essay on Music Censorship - 880 Words

Music Censorship The tall, lanky fifteen-year-old ambled slowly up to the counter and tossed his music selection toward the clerk. The salesman began to ring the sale up in his routine manner, but just then something caught his eye. It was a small black sticker on the corner of the CD. This sticker plainly read explicit lyrics. As the teenager fumbled through his pockets searching for a method of payment, the clerk gave him a questioning glance. Could I see some identification please? The clerks voice cut through the silence like a knife through butter. Immediately the boys face went from something of a blank stare to a frown. Im sorry this particular CD is not available to minors, the clerk apologetically stated. Yeah†¦show more content†¦By removing the libretto of La Traviata Verdes opera has lost at least some of its impact or meaning. Though we can not be sure what this particular librettos content was, we can be sure that we have missed out on some of Giuseppe Verdes work of art. The issue of censorship has been with us for centuries. Due to the argumentative nature of the human race, this issue will in all probability remain with us for centuries to come. Radio broadcasters in the Nineteen Fifties regularly altered and removed certain lyrics that were determined too offensive for listeners. The Billie Holiday song Love for Sale was banned outright by the ABC radio network in 1956 because of its prostitution theme (Volz 2). In other cases lyrics were changed in order to allow these hit songs some guaranteed air time. ABC changed a line in the Cole Porter tune I get a kick out of you from I get a kick from cocaine to I get perfume from Spain(2). Sure, these lines may well rhyme, but they totally lack the artists intended meaning. Cole Porter was deprived of a main point he was trying to get across. Once again the unjust act of censorship has robbed the meaning of a song from millions. In 1966 an Irish group named Them wrote, and sung, the top selling European song Gloria. One line in this song, she comes in my room was marked offensive by WLS, a radio station in Chicago. This song was soShow MoreRelatedCensorship And Censorship Of Music1544 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the years, music has evolved and transformed in many ways. However, there are restrictions in today’s music, otherwise known as, censorships. A crisis has emerged concerning the issue of censorship. This argument consists of two possible stances: one, supporting the continuation of censorship, and two, eliminating the status quo of censorships in the music industry. There have been countless debates and arguments regarding the issues of censorship ever since the U.S. Congress passed theRead MoreEssay on Music Censorship1049 Words   |  5 PagesMusic Censorship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, in the 1990s, citizens in our society are being bombarded with obscene material from every direction. From the hate lyrics of Guns N Roses to the satanic lyrics of Montley Crue and Marilyn Manson to the sexually explicit graphical content of todays movies, the issue is how much society is going to permit and where we, as a society, should we draw the line. The freedom of speech has always been considered a right, but that doesnt mean that you can shout, FireRead MoreCensorship in Music Essays1076 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship in Music Censorship in music has been a major problem plaguing America since the early nineteen forties. It came to a head during the nineteen sixties with the Vietnam War and the hippie movement. During the nineteen seventies and eighties heavy metal and hard rock were getting the brunt of the censorship heat. Now in the nineteen nineties the major focus of censorship is rap; primarily gangster rap. Some of the main factors of music in general that cause legal ramifications are sexualRead MoreThe Problem Of Music Censorship1280 Words   |  6 PagesAttention Getter: Imagine yourselves listening to music at a party, you’re jumping around yelling, screaming, and majority of the time singing or rapping along to whatever song is playing. Now imagine every other word, or whole verses in the song getting bleeped out frequently because of the message it presents even though you have the right to listen to whatever you so desire. This is the problem of music censorship we all face today. B. Relevance: BeingRead MoreMusic Censorship Essay625 Words   |  3 PagesMusic Censorship Since the being of time people have been making and listening to music. Music has been considered the best way to express ourselves. The Bible even talks about how music was used to praise God. Music has been used for all type of things ranging from to getting a girl to notice guy, trying to get over a broken heart, or maybe losing a love one. Now society says that music has become too violent and sexually oriented. Many people have different point of view on this topic someRead More Music Censorship Essay640 Words   |  3 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Why is it that when a person that listens to music that may promote violence and contains â€Å"objectionable† lyrics does a bad thing, families are quick to point out that it was external materials such as the music that influenced the person to do it? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This is the controversy over music censorship. Music censorship is the attempt or action taken by any agency to limit or hold back anything in music that a community may find offensive to its beliefs or valuesRead MoreEssay on Censorship of Music1406 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship of Music In todays society, all types of music artists are expressing their views, opinions and feelings in their songs about what they see and what they know. This is on of the great things about this country, the freedom to express yourself. It is not fair, nor is it constitutional that music should be censored in anyway. It is not only rap music trying to be censored it is in all types of music. They are taking away their rights and it isnt fair. As reported in the New York TimesRead More Music Censorship Essay3364 Words   |  14 Pagesfuss about? Censorship, Government officials, and raving mad protesters alike have been trying to stop the expressive creativity in everything from rap music to Mark Twain. Censorship in music is a topic that has brought about much controversy in the past two decades. There have been many different arguments on the topic, however the question still remains as if it should be censored or it should not be censored. In Paul Blanshard’s book The Right To Read: The Battle Against Censorship, he speaksRead MoreMusic Censorship Essay2897 Words   |  12 PagesCensorship in Music When listening to the radio, most people come across a song that has been changed from its original version, whether certain words are beeped out, or a string of lyrics are replaced altogether. This is censorship, and it is very common on the radio. It is also very controversial. People don’t agree what should be censored or if anything should be censored at all. However, we believe that censorship is a good thing. Censorship allows offensive music to be altered so that it isRead More Music Censorship Essay2636 Words   |  11 Pageslyrics. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since the dawn of musical expression, there have been people trying to stop or hinder the constitutional right to listen and enjoy music of all forms. There were ordinary, everyday people during the infancy of Rock N’ Roll in the 1960’s who made it their mission in life to stop so-called â€Å"obscene† music like the Beatles song â€Å"Lucy In the Sky With Diamonds,† from polluting our airwaves and minds. These groups succeeded in banning some songs from the radio, but most

The Importance of Civil Disobedience Free Essays

Gandhi, Martin Luther King Junior, Rosa Parks, Cesar Chavez. Each of these people were leaders and role models to different civil rights movements. However, they all share similar views on how society should react to oppression. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Civil Disobedience or any similar topic only for you Order Now The motive behind each and every protest in American History is civil disobedience, an idea thought up by Thoreau while he spent the night in jail, due to tax evasion. He believed â€Å"that government is best which governs least. †1 His revolutionary idea weaved its way into the fabric of American life. As free people, we see it as our right to protest any laws we see unjust. In a society which controls, the need to rebel will always be present. This theme is abundant throughout the many different time periods in The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail. Early American newspapers were often opinion based. These articles slowly became less and less fond of the King and his laws. For example, the Pennsylvania Gazette contains many articles pertaining to the injustice of the stamp act. This particular paper contains a segment from a meeting with the Sons of Liberty. The first point states, â€Å"we will cheerfully, to the utmost of our power, defend all of our just rights and privileges, as they have always been heretofore allowed us†2. The Sons of Liberty make it clear to the public that no injustices will go unnoticed. The paper continues, â€Å"that we will oppose all attempts to deprive us of our rights and privileges as Englishmen. And therefore will at all events oppose the operation of that defeatable thing called the Stamp Act, in this colony†3 This article is one of the first to take a stand against oppression. The Sons of Liberty published many columns similar to this one in papers throughout the colonies. Although these articles may seem aggressive the motive is still passive. â€Å"That we will, in all cases, behave ourselves peaceably as far as our influence extends, weill preserve the public peace†¦ †4 They are recognized as pioneers in the field of civil disobedience. Thoreau can be thought of as the father of civil disobedience, turning what was once a bloodbath for power into a peaceful yet effective plan for change. In all of his writing it is clear that Thoreau is not fond of American government, or any other government. Henry Thoreau once said, â€Å"any fool can make a rule, and any fool will mind it†5. This quote summarizes how Thoreau felt about politics. It is frustrating how one fool can pass a law which effects everybody, however what Henry could not stand, is how the majority of people would stand by and let it happen. Anyone who has studied Thoreau would know that his biggest pet peeves are the government and conformity. He believed that â€Å"disobedience is the true foundation of liberty. The obedient must be slaves†6. As Americans, we deserve the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The dictionary definition of liberty is â€Å"freedom from arbitrary or despotic government or control. †7 This means that we deserve the right to rebel against government control. Maybe Thoreau was not as revolutionary as some thought, he was simply quoting the Constitution of the United States of America. Civil disobedience was catching on in the colonies as taxes got higher. However the phenomenon was not as popular in Britain. â€Å"It has been reported to the King that several writings†¦ nder the title of Revolutions, or Protests or different bodies and communities, cary with them an air of disobedience and revolt. These writings are in their form-illegal-in the effect that they are intended to produce-fallacious superiority over the royal authority†8. These letters were a response to articles such as the one put forth by the Sons of Liberty. The King would send ultimatum after ultimatum, attempting to stop civil disobedience from becoming mainstream. â€Å"The King being in his council, orders that the deliberations and protests of his courts and other assemblies made since the publication of his laws of the 8th of May†¦ articularly officers of the courts, or other judges, to afflict just penalties†¦ †9 Yet his threats did not stop the rebellion from coming. Like previously stated, in a society which controls, the need to rebel will always be present. Through the hard work of Henry Thoreau, the Sons of Liberty, and all those who opposed British rule, America is now a separate and free country. However as long as a government controls the way people live there will always be a need to rebel. Society’s right to free speech is essential in the preservation of freedom. Hopefully citizens will always see the positive outcomes of peaceful rebellion, it has and continues to shape the way our country works. The American society would not be what it is today without people crossing the line in order to show better ideas that will benefit the future that we live in today. Martin Luther King proved this when he crossed the line and protested in order to eliminate segregation. Now Americans can live freely together, in a society that rebelled, and is now better off than it ever has been before. How to cite The Importance of Civil Disobedience, Essay examples

Climate Change and Industrial Policy

Question: Discuss about the Climate Change and Industrial Policy. Answer: Introduction: John Elkington brought the triple bottom line framework forward in the mid-1990s, to measure corporate performance. The framework incorporates social and environmental dimensions on top of profits returns and value of shareholders. The framework outlines the organization operations and the areas, which it relies on to generate its profit as well, as for how this areas are interrelated. The framework differs from the traditional reporting frameworks due to its inclusive nature that includes environmental and social dimensions. (Bohmholdt, 2014). Triple Bottom Line or the three Ps as it is commonly known stands for, planet, people, and profit. The original focus of this framework is on business performance, which makes it an important tool for sustainability in structuring business goals. TBL measures the impact of business activities on the ecology. Business activities comprise of profit-making, capital, shareholders value and social human (Naud, 2011). However, the framework has its limitations in that; some aspects lack units of measurement. Environmental impacts created by business such endangering of species and wetlands, lack a monetary value tag that can match the impact (Halkias, 2016). The six forms of capital used by business The six forms of business capital broadly recognized in businesses, which adhere to the three Ps, include the following (Khomba, 2012). This form of capital involves monetary asset. The performance of this capital is greatly determined by the regulatory and market forces and changes in lease accounting such as relating market information to traditional strengths such as data interpretation, analysis, and tools that help to conduct these activities to provide opportunities for development and growth (Bohmholdt, 2014). Intangible assets such as brand equity, patents, and trademarks are referred to as intellectual property. These assets are capitalized on by use of license agreement, brand and line extensions that aim to increase the value of the organization. Ideas born through intellectual capital harness important insight that is applied to existing and future operations This form of capital is very useful to managers regarding decision-making. Manufactured capital is made up of distribution networks, product, and services as well as the means used to reach the customer. Analyzing the returns and expenses of the asset is fundamental for the purpose of sustainability. Investing on energy and operation efficiency with the lack of proper analysis might result to over improved and underutilized capital asset (Backhaus, 2013). Employees in every organization are viewed as the most valuable and integrated asset. Due to this reason, company management have come up with plans to leverage employees intellectual capital by ensuring that they provide a suitable work environment and proper training. This has contributed immensely to the level of efficiency, productivity and return on investment. The social and rational capital involves the involvement of social networks that contribute to the growth of a company brand. The capital has further been enhanced by organizations through the involvement of universities, think tanks and other resources of future intellectual capital. The natural form of capital pertains, putting up structures that ensure business sustainability like the construction of sustainable and environmentally friendly buildings as well as the use of alternative energy sources. The analysis of the impacts brought by this form of capital has been a key area that enabled the decision makers to build strategies (Stubbs, 2008). The six phases of business approaches to sustainability The activities carried out by the business, greatly affect the surrounding but the organization does not realize the environmental damage being caused, thus does not put measures to restructure its operations to reduce the environmental damage (Benn, 2014). The significance of the environment is not considered as relevant when making strategies and strategic decisions. Resources from the environment are taken to be subsidies, which help business activities. The organization fails to consider the opportunities, threats, and costs relating to the environment. At this stage, the company still considers the technological and profit factors to be the main agenda on their strategy. Also, the company is observing the legal framework according to the management view. However, issues that relate to the community are only addressed when the organization faces a possible prosecution or damage that could affect the publicity of the organization (Kuhlman, 2015). The efficiency stage is characterized by the attempt to reduce cost by merging the functions in the human resource department. The organization now values the employees as part of an important asset that is utilized as effectively as possible. There is considerable involvement of total quality environmental management. Environmental issues that are not increasing efficiency are not highly considered (Backhaus, 2013). Strategies relating to the environment and present an opportunity for business that can provide a competitive advantage are given priority. Businesses maintain their competitive edge by producing environmentally friendly products and processes (McNall, 2011). The observation of environmental sustainability is crucial to organizational strategy, and the organization tries to influence other key participants in both society and the business industry. Examples of businesses engaging in sustainable business Businesses that are already engaging in sustainable business include, Alcoa, Xylem, Exelon, PGE and Bank of America (Confino, 2017) References Backhaus, K., 2013. Corporate Sustainability. Organization Management Journal, 10(2), pp. 85-85. Benn, S. D. D. . G. A., 2014. Organizational change for corporate sustainability. 1st ed ed. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Bohmholdt, A., 2014. Evaluating the Triple Bottom Line Using Sustainable Return on Investment. Remediation Journal, 24(4), pp. 53-64. Confino, J., 2017. Guardian. [Online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/best-practices-sustainability-us-corporations-ceres [Accessed 2017]. Forbes Welcome. (2017). Forbes.com. Retrieved 12 April 2017, f. h., 2017. Forbes Welcome. (2017). Forbes.com. Retrieved 12 April 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffkauflin/2017/01/17/the-worlds-most-sustainable-companies-2017/#7fe145304e9d. worlds most sustainable companies, 12 April. Halkias, D. . T. P., 2016. Entrepreneurship and sustainability. 1st ed ed. london: routledge . Khomba, J. K., 2012. Relevance of financial reporting systems: Single-bottom line or triple-bottom line. African Journal Of Business Management, 6(9). Kuhlman, B. W. D. . B. H., 2015. Business fundamentals. 1st ed ed. La Crosse: Schweser Study Program. McNall, S. H. J. . B. G., 2011. The business of sustainability. 1st ed ed. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger. Naud, W., 2011. Climate Change and Industrial Policy. Sustainability, 3(12). Stubbs, W. . C. C., 2008. Conceptualizing a "Sustainability Business Model". Organization Environment, 21(2), pp. 103-127.